As a parent, it’s always worrying to see your baby with a cough, particularly if it’s not clear what’s causing it. However, coughing is the body’s way of keeping the airways clear and removing phlegm, mucus, or a lodged piece of food. There are two types of coughs: a dry cough, which clears postnasal drip or irritation from a sore throat, and a wet cough, which results from a respiratory illness accompanying a bacterial infection and causes phlegm or mucus to form in the airways. If you’re unsure whether your baby’s cough warrants medical attention or not, this guide will help you determine what’s normal and what’s not.
Dry Cough from a Cold
If your baby has a dry cough along with symptoms such as a stuffy nose, it could indicate a cold. The cough itself may sound like a dry, hacking cough, and other symptoms may include a sore throat and a runny or congested nose. These symptoms are usually mild and often go away on their own in about a week.
What to do
While it may be tempting to give your baby cough medicine or cough syrup, it’s important to avoid doing so. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, these products aren’t effective and can be dangerous for children under six years old. Instead, try natural remedies such as a cool-mist humidifier, saline drops, or honey (for babies over one year). You can also give your child acetaminophen to help reduce a fever. If your baby has a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, or if they look sick, it’s best to call your doctor.
Wet Cough from a Respiratory Illness
If your baby has a wet cough, it may be a sign of a respiratory illness that accompanies a bacterial infection. This type of cough is characterized by phlegm or mucus that forms in the airways to help fight germs. A wet cough may sound like your baby is trying to clear their throat, and other symptoms may include chest congestion, fever, and difficulty breathing.
What to do
If your baby is under three months old and has a wet cough, it’s best to contact your doctor immediately. For babies older than three months, you can use the same natural remedies as for a dry cough, such as a cool-mist humidifier, saline drops, or honey (if they’re over one year old). However, if your baby’s cough is persistent, they have a high fever, or they’re having difficulty breathing, it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Croup
Croup is a viral infection that makes the lining of the trachea swell up and close the airways, making it difficult for your baby to breathe. This type of cough usually affects children under age five and often begins with a normal cold or sniffle. It’s characterized by a barking cough that sounds like a seal and difficulty breathing, which is most noticeable when your baby coughs at night.
What to do
If your baby has croup, it’s important to remain calm and soothe them. You can help your baby breathe easier by running a hot shower, closing the bathroom door, and letting your child breathe in the steamy air. Alternatively, you can take them outside on a mild evening or let them breathe cool air from a fridge or freezer. A cool-mist humidifier can also help. Croup usually clears up on its own in three or four days, but if your baby’s condition worsens or they have trouble breathing, seek medical attention.
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis is a respiratory infection caused by a virus that affects the tiny airways in the lungs. It is most common in babies under six months old and can cause symptoms such as a dry cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory distress and hospitalization.
What to do
If your baby has symptoms of bronchiolitis, it’s important to contact your doctor right away. They may recommend treatments such as suctioning out mucus with a bulb syringe, using a cool-mist humidifier, or administering oxygen therapy. In some cases, your baby may need to be hospitalized for monitoring and treatment.
When to Seek Medical Attention
It’s important to keep an eye on your baby’s cough and seek medical attention if you notice any of the following:
- Your baby is having trouble breathing, breathing faster than usual, or wheezing.
- Your baby’s cough is persistent and lasts more than a week.
- Your baby has a high fever (over 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) or a fever that lasts more than three days.
- Your baby’s cough is accompanied by other symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, or a rash.
In conclusion, as a parent, it’s important to pay close attention to your baby’s cough and other symptoms to determine if medical attention is necessary. While many coughs can be treated with natural remedies, some require medical intervention to ensure your baby’s health and well-being. Always consult your doctor if you have any concerns about your baby’s health.
